The center of the Incan empire, cradle to a civilization that became the most significant society in South America, Peru is one of the most fascinating places you will ever go.

The Incas were an advanced people, credited with many innovations during their rule such as sophisticated architecture, an intricate calendar and a long network of interconnected trails centered on the sacred city of Machu Picchu, and Cusco, their ancient capital. After falling to the superior weaponry and tactics of the Conquistadors, Peru became the center of the Spanish empire in the Americas, which lasted until the mid-1800s. After a series of dictatorships, wars, revolutions and many authoritarian regimes, Peru is now a democratic country committed to rebuilding and making up for years of underdevelopment.

There are high levels of poverty and inequality. In 2004, a large percentage of the population was in poverty, many of whom were in extreme poverty. Poverty is significantly higher in rural areas, while urban areas are the most unequal. A severe lack of education, healthcare and nutrition affects the poorest the hardest. Many Peruvians have never travelled far beyond their village or at best, the next big city, and are thus very curious about foreign travellers and volunteers that come from abroad.

The wealthier parts of Peruvian society live in conditions that are not very different from the middle class of the developed world but many in the country do not have access to much luxury. A decent, furnished home is  the goal for many families. The family is an institution that everyone respects and is tied to. It is common for the grandparents, parents and children to live under one roof.

Catholicism is prevalent and visible in society, along with ancient traditions that are most visible in rural Peru. Colorful dresses, andean music and long braided hair under brimmed hats show that many in the mountains of Peru have not assimilated to popular culture and retain a degree of authenticity and uniqueness not easily seen in the "west".

Peru is blessed with many natural wonders, from the high peaks of the Andes to the Amazon rainforest and lake Titicaca, one of the highest in the world. Lack of development and industrialization have left much of the country untouched and welcoming to the responsible visitor.

More information:
Wikipedia
United Nations
NationMaster