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The oldest city in the western hemisphere and a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1983, Cusco has a population of about 300000, a three-fold increase during the last 20 years. Alternate spellings you may encounter include “Cuzco” (used until the mid 20th century), Qusqu (in old Quechua), and Qosqo (in modern Quechua). It stands 3500m (11500 ft) above sea level, surrounded by six mountains, some as high as 6000m (20000 ft).
Cusco was the capital of Tahuantinsuyu (or Inca Empire) that covered a large part of what are now the territories of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile and Argentina. The city was planned to be shaped like a puma and according to Inca legend, the city was built by Sapa Inca Pachacuti, the man who transformed the Kingdom of Cusco from a sleepy city-state into the vast empire of Tahuantinsuyu. As the cradle of Inca civilization, it is the closest city to many important Inca ruins, palaces and temples, the most prominent of which is Machu Picchu, winter home to Inca emperors and also a World Heritage Site.  |
After the Spanish arrived, the city grew to become very rich thanks to trading with Spain. Even today, the surrounding area is a significant source of corn, barley, quinoa, tea, coffee and gold. Pre-Inca, Inca and colonial architecture blend together in modern Cusco. Massive Inca built walls line the streets and even form the foundations for the newer buildings. In 1950 a massive earthquake exposed long-lost structures, destroying the later buildings built on top of them, but leaving the ancient foundations and walls unscathed. Expansive Plaza de Armas is the heart of the city and was once flanked by Inca palaces, now replaced by impressive cathedrals. Quechua speaking locals still wear their traditional costumes and proudly consider themselves the descendants of the Incas. There are many markets, stores and street vendors selling souvenirs, textiles, clothes, food, appliances and just about anything you will need as a volunteer abroad. |  |
 | Cusco is a city where you can stay a long time without ever feeling bored. There are many things you can do in your free time, from visiting colonial churches and Inca ruins to hiking and enjoying the local nightlife. The city is served by Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) and is 1 hour away from Lima by air. For more, visit the city’s official website (in Spanish). Also, you can read more about the Quechua language or many other topics in Quechua. |
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